What Is Adderall XR?

Adderall XR (amphetamine/dextroamphetamine mixed salts extended-release) is a prescription stimulant medication used primarily to treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children (ages 6+) and adults. It is one of the most widely prescribed ADHD medications in the United States, with over 26 million prescriptions written annually.

The "XR" stands for extended-release. Unlike immediate-release Adderall (Adderall IR), which needs to be taken 2–3 times per day, Adderall XR is designed to be taken once daily in the morning. Its dual-bead delivery system provides a steady release of medication over 8–12 hours, covering a full school or work day with a single dose.

What Does Adderall XR Treat?

Adderall XR is FDA-approved for the treatment of ADHD. It helps improve the core symptoms of ADHD, including:

• Inattention — difficulty focusing, staying on task, or following through on instructions
• Hyperactivity — excessive fidgeting, restlessness, or difficulty staying seated
• Impulsivity — acting without thinking, interrupting others, or making hasty decisions

While immediate-release Adderall is also approved for narcolepsy, Adderall XR is not FDA-approved for narcolepsy treatment.

How Effective Is It?

Stimulant medications like Adderall XR are considered the first-line treatment for ADHD and are effective in approximately 70–80% of patients. Research consistently shows that medication — particularly stimulants — is the most effective single intervention for managing ADHD symptoms.

Adderall XR has been on the market since 2001 and has an extensive track record of safety and efficacy when used as directed. It is available as both a brand-name product (manufactured by Shire/Takeda) and in generic form (amphetamine/dextroamphetamine mixed salts XR), though the generic has been subject to significant supply shortages since 2022.

Having trouble finding Adderall XR at your pharmacy? Medfinder helps you locate pharmacies near you with your medication in stock — saving you hours of phone calls every month.

How does Adderall XR work?

Adderall XR is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that contains a combination of four amphetamine salts: amphetamine aspartate, amphetamine sulfate, dextroamphetamine saccharate, and dextroamphetamine sulfate. The mixture is approximately 75% dextroamphetamine (d-amphetamine) and 25% levoamphetamine (l-amphetamine).

These amphetamine salts work by increasing the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain. Specifically, Adderall XR:

• Blocks the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine at the synaptic cleft, keeping more of these neurotransmitters available
• Promotes the release of dopamine and norepinephrine from nerve terminals
• Mildly inhibits monoamine oxidase (MAO), the enzyme that breaks down these neurotransmitters

In people with ADHD, the prefrontal cortex — the brain region responsible for attention, decision-making, and impulse control — is often underactive. By boosting dopamine and norepinephrine activity in this area, Adderall XR helps improve focus, attention, and executive function while reducing impulsivity and hyperactivity.

The "XR" (extended-release) formulation uses a dual-bead delivery system. About half of the beads dissolve immediately upon ingestion, while the remaining beads have an enteric coating that dissolves later in the gastrointestinal tract. This produces two pulses of medication — one at ingestion and another approximately 4 hours later — mimicking the effect of taking two separate doses of immediate-release Adderall.

Effects typically begin within 30–60 minutes of taking the capsule and last approximately 8–12 hours, depending on individual metabolism.

What doses are available for Adderall XR?

Adderall XR (extended-release) capsules are available in the following strengths:

• 5 mg
• 10 mg
• 15 mg
• 20 mg (most commonly prescribed adult starting dose)
• 25 mg
• 30 mg

All strengths are available as both brand-name (Shire/Takeda) and generic (amphetamine/dextroamphetamine mixed salts XR), though generic availability varies significantly due to the ongoing shortage.

Adderall XR capsules are designed for once-daily dosing. The capsule contains a mix of immediate-release and delayed-release beads, providing approximately 8–12 hours of symptom coverage. Unlike Adderall IR (immediate-release), XR capsules should not be split or crushed.

Your prescriber will typically start at a lower dose and adjust upward based on symptom control and tolerability. If your prescribed dose is unavailable due to the shortage, talk to your doctor — they may be able to adjust your prescription to a strength that's easier to find, or use Medfinder to locate the exact dose you need nearby.

How hard is it to find Adderall XR in stock?

Adderall XR (amphetamine/dextroamphetamine extended-release) is one of the most difficult ADHD medications to find at pharmacies right now. We've assigned it a findability score of 35 out of 100, meaning patients should expect significant difficulty locating this medication — especially the generic version.

What's Driving the Low Score

The generic Adderall XR shortage has been ongoing since 2022 and continues into 2026. According to the ASHP Drug Shortage Database, multiple strengths of generic amphetamine mixed salts extended-release capsules — including 10mg, 20mg, 25mg, and 30mg — are currently on back order from key manufacturers. The 20mg capsules specifically have an estimated restock date of mid-February 2026.

The manufacturer landscape has significantly contracted. Par, Sandoz, Sun Pharma, and Prasco have all discontinued their generic Adderall XR products entirely. Teva — historically the largest generic supplier — reports ongoing shortages due to increased demand. Only Lannett currently has generic XR capsules listed as available.

On the supply side, the DEA increased aggregate production quotas for d-amphetamine by 25% in October 2025 (from 21.2 million grams to 26.5 million grams), the first increase ever for this ingredient. However, experts say this alone is unlikely to resolve shortages given the complexity of the supply chain (Source: Filter Magazine, Oct 2025).

What This Means for Patients

Based on pharmacy availability surveys and ASHP data, we estimate that patients may need to call 7–12 pharmacies to find generic Adderall XR 20mg in stock — a process that can take 1–2 hours each month. Independent pharmacies tend to have better availability than large chains.

Brand-name Adderall XR (manufactured by Shire/Takeda) is currently available and not in shortage, but it costs $300+ per month without insurance and many plans won't cover brand when a generic exists on formulary.

The CDC has issued a health advisory regarding disrupted access to stimulant medications and the associated risks for patients.

Skip the phone calls. Medfinder can check pharmacy availability near you and help you find Adderall XR in stock — so you can spend less time searching and more time living your life.

Who Can Prescribe Adderall XR?

Adderall XR is a Schedule II controlled substance, which means it can only be obtained with a valid prescription from a licensed healthcare provider. The following types of providers commonly prescribe Adderall XR for ADHD:

• Psychiatrists — Mental health specialists who are the most common prescribers of ADHD medications in adults. They have deep expertise in stimulant management and titration.
• Primary Care Physicians (PCPs) — Family medicine doctors and internists frequently diagnose and treat ADHD, particularly in adults. Many patients receive their Adderall XR prescriptions from their PCP.
• Pediatricians — For children and adolescents with ADHD, pediatricians are often the first-line prescribers.
• Neurologists — May prescribe Adderall XR for ADHD or narcolepsy, particularly in complex cases.
• Psychiatric Nurse Practitioners (PMHNPs) — Advanced practice nurses with psychiatric specialization can prescribe controlled substances in most states.
• Physician Assistants (PAs) — Can prescribe Adderall XR under physician supervision in most states.

Since the COVID-19 pandemic, the DEA has extended telemedicine prescribing waivers through the end of 2026, allowing providers to prescribe stimulant medications like Adderall XR via telehealth without an in-person visit. This has expanded access significantly for patients who live in areas with limited psychiatric providers.

Keep in mind that even with a valid prescription, finding a pharmacy with Adderall XR in stock is often the bigger challenge during the current shortage. Medfinder helps patients locate pharmacies near them that currently have their medication available — no phone calls required.

Is Adderall XR a controlled substance?

Yes, Adderall XR is classified as a Schedule II controlled substance by the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). This is the most restrictive category for medications that have accepted medical uses. Schedule II drugs are considered to have a high potential for abuse and may lead to severe psychological or physical dependence.

Because of this classification, there are several important restrictions that affect how you get and fill your prescription:

• No automatic refills. Your provider must write a new prescription each time. Most states allow providers to write up to 90 days of prescriptions at once (three 30-day scripts), but this varies by state.
• No phone-in prescriptions. Prescriptions must be submitted electronically (ePrescribe) in most states, or on a special tamper-resistant prescription pad.
• Early refill restrictions. Most pharmacies and insurance plans will not fill a Schedule II prescription more than 1–2 days before your current supply runs out.
• DEA production quotas. The DEA sets annual limits on how much amphetamine manufacturers can produce, which directly contributes to the current Adderall XR shortage.
• Pharmacy stocking limits. Some pharmacy chains impose internal limits on the quantity of Schedule II medications they keep in stock, making it harder to find Adderall XR at your local pharmacy.

These regulations are intended to prevent diversion and misuse, but they also create significant access barriers for the millions of patients who rely on stimulant medications to manage ADHD. If your pharmacy is out of stock, you can't simply transfer your prescription — your doctor may need to send a new one to a different pharmacy.

This is exactly why Medfinder exists. We help you find a pharmacy with your medication in stock before your doctor sends the prescription — saving you the frustration of bouncing between pharmacies.

Common Side Effects of Adderall XR

Like all stimulant medications, Adderall XR can cause side effects. Most are mild and tend to improve as your body adjusts to the medication.

Most Common Side Effects

• Decreased appetite — The most frequently reported side effect. Eating a good breakfast before taking the medication and having a larger dinner helps manage this.
• Difficulty sleeping (insomnia) — Taking it too late in the day can interfere with sleep. Most prescribers recommend taking it first thing in the morning.
• Dry mouth
• Headache
• Stomach pain or nausea
• Nervousness or anxiety
• Increased heart rate
• Weight loss — Often related to appetite suppression.
• Irritability or mood changes — May occur as the medication wears off (sometimes called a "crash" or "rebound effect").

Less Common but Serious Side Effects

Contact your healthcare provider or seek medical attention if you experience:

• Chest pain or shortness of breath
• Signs of circulation problems (numbness, pain, or color changes in fingers/toes)
• Significant mood or behavior changes, including new or worsening anxiety, agitation, or paranoia
• Severe or persistent headaches
• Signs of serotonin syndrome if combined with certain other medications

Adderall XR may also cause a modest increase in blood pressure (approximately 2–4 mmHg on average). Your prescriber may recommend monitoring your blood pressure at home, especially if you have a history of hypertension.

Important: Most patients tolerate Adderall XR well, and side effects often diminish within the first 1–2 weeks. Work closely with your prescriber to find the right dose.

Alternative Medications to Adderall XR

If you're having trouble finding Adderall XR due to the ongoing shortage, or if your prescriber wants to explore other options, there are several alternatives worth discussing. These fall into three main categories: other amphetamine-based medications, methylphenidate-based stimulants, and non-stimulant ADHD treatments.

Amphetamine-Based Alternatives (Same Active Ingredient Family)

• Adderall IR (immediate-release) — Same active ingredients, shorter duration (4–6 hours). Requires multiple daily doses but is sometimes easier to find.
• Mydayis — Extended-release amphetamine salt combo lasting up to 16 hours. Manufactured by Shire/Takeda and currently available.
• Vyvanse (lisdexamfetamine) — A prodrug that converts to d-amphetamine in the body. Now available as a generic (as of 2023). Duration of 10–14 hours.
• Dexedrine / Dexedrine Spansules — Pure dextroamphetamine. Sometimes in better supply than Adderall generics.
• Zenzedi — Brand-name dextroamphetamine with manufacturer copay programs. Often overlooked, so availability tends to be better.
• Adzenys XR-ODT — An orally disintegrating tablet that is bioequivalent to Adderall XR. Currently available through specialty pharmacies.
• Dynavel XR — Extended-release amphetamine available as tablets and oral suspension. Generally in better supply.

Methylphenidate-Based Alternatives

• Concerta (methylphenidate ER) — Extended-release, once-daily dosing. Brand is available; generic may be in shortage.
• Ritalin / Ritalin LA — Available in immediate and extended-release forms.
• Focalin XR (dexmethylphenidate) — Generic available and often easier to find.

Non-Stimulant Alternatives

• Strattera (atomoxetine) — Generic available. Not a controlled substance, so no DEA quota issues.
• Qelbree (viloxazine) — Newer non-stimulant option.
• Intuniv (guanfacine ER) — Often used alongside stimulants or as monotherapy.
• Wellbutrin (bupropion) — Sometimes used off-label for ADHD.

Always consult your prescriber before switching medications. If you'd rather stick with Adderall XR, Medfinder can help you find a pharmacy near you that has it in stock today.

Drug Interactions with Adderall XR

Adderall XR can interact with a number of other medications, supplements, and substances. Always inform your prescriber and pharmacist about everything you're taking, including over-the-counter medications and supplements.

Serious Interactions

• MAO Inhibitors (MAOIs) — Do not take Adderall XR if you have taken an MAOI (such as phenelzine, tranylcypromine, or selegiline) within the past 14 days. This combination can cause dangerously high blood pressure (hypertensive crisis).
• Serotonergic drugs (SSRIs, SNRIs, triptans) — Combining with medications that increase serotonin may increase the risk of serotonin syndrome. Common SSRIs include sertraline (Zoloft), fluoxetine (Prozac), and escitalopram (Lexapro).
• Blood pressure medications — Adderall XR can raise blood pressure and heart rate, potentially reducing the effectiveness of antihypertensive medications.

Moderate Interactions

• Antacids and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) — Can increase absorption of amphetamines, potentially intensifying side effects.
• Acidifying agents (vitamin C, citric acid) — Can decrease absorption and effectiveness. Avoid large doses of vitamin C near your dose.
• Tricyclic antidepressants — Amphetamines may enhance their effects, requiring dose adjustments.
• Anticonvulsants (phenytoin, phenobarbital) — Adderall XR may delay absorption of these medications.
• CYP2D6 inhibitors — Drugs like bupropion, fluoxetine, and paroxetine can inhibit amphetamine metabolism, potentially increasing levels.

Substances to Be Cautious With

• Caffeine — Can amplify stimulant side effects like increased heart rate, anxiety, and insomnia.
• Alcohol — May mask the impairing effects of alcohol or increase cardiovascular risks.

This is not an exhaustive list. Always consult your pharmacist or prescriber before starting or stopping any medication while taking Adderall XR.

Final Thoughts on Adderall XR

Adderall XR remains one of the most effective and widely prescribed ADHD medications in the United States — but the ongoing generic shortage has made it one of the hardest to find. With multiple manufacturers discontinuing production and DEA production quotas only recently increasing, patients are often left spending hours each month calling pharmacies just to fill a routine prescription.

Here's what to remember: Adderall XR is a Schedule II controlled substance, which means you'll need a new prescription each time you fill it, early refills are restricted, and you can't simply transfer your script to another pharmacy. Combined with the current supply constraints, this creates a uniquely frustrating experience for the millions of Americans who depend on this medication to manage their ADHD symptoms.

If you're struggling to find Adderall XR in stock, you have options. Talk to your prescriber about alternative doses that may be easier to locate, or explore related medications like Vyvanse (now available as a generic), Mydayis, or methylphenidate-based alternatives like Concerta or Focalin XR. Non-stimulant options like Strattera and Qelbree are also worth discussing if stimulant access continues to be a barrier.

Most importantly, don't waste your time calling pharmacy after pharmacy. Medfinder was built specifically for situations like this — we help you find pharmacies near you that currently have Adderall XR in stock, so you can skip the phone calls and get back to your life. Whether you're searching for a specific dose or open to what's available, Medfinder makes the process faster, easier, and less stressful.

Your ADHD treatment shouldn't be derailed by a supply chain problem. Search for Adderall XR availability near you and take the guesswork out of your next refill.