Alternatives to Phenobarbital: What to Know If You Can't Fill Your Prescription

If you've been searching for Phenobarbital and coming up empty, you might be wondering whether there are other medications that could work for you. The answer is yes — there are several alternative anti-seizure medications available. However, switching medications is a decision that must be made with your doctor. Never switch or stop a seizure medication on your own.

This guide covers the most common alternatives to Phenobarbital, how they compare, and what to expect if you need to make a change.

Why You Might Need an Alternative

There are several reasons patients look for Phenobarbital alternatives:

• Supply issues: Phenobarbital can be hard to find due to limited manufacturers and controlled substance regulations
• Side effects: Some patients experience too much drowsiness, dizziness, or other Phenobarbital side effects
• Drug interactions: Phenobarbital interacts with many other medications through liver enzyme induction
• Cost concerns: While Phenobarbital is generally affordable, insurance coverage can vary
• Age considerations: Phenobarbital is not recommended for older adults (per the Beers Criteria)

Common Alternatives to Phenobarbital

1. Levetiracetam (Keppra)

Levetiracetam is one of the most widely prescribed anti-seizure medications today. It's used for partial-onset seizures, myoclonic seizures, and generalized tonic-clonic seizures.

• Pros: Fewer drug interactions than Phenobarbital, doesn't require blood level monitoring, available in multiple forms (tablets, liquid, injection)
• Cons: Can cause mood changes, irritability, and behavioral side effects in some patients
• Generic available: Yes — generally affordable

2. Valproic Acid / Divalproex Sodium (Depakote)

Valproic Acid is a broad-spectrum anti-seizure medication effective against many types of seizures. It has been used for decades.

• Pros: Effective for multiple seizure types, well-studied
• Cons: Requires blood level monitoring, can cause weight gain, liver toxicity risk, not safe in pregnancy (causes birth defects)
• Generic available: Yes

3. Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

Carbamazepine is used primarily for partial (focal) seizures and generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Like Phenobarbital, it has been around for many years.

• Pros: Well-established efficacy, multiple dosage forms
• Cons: Drug interactions (CYP3A4 inducer), requires blood monitoring, risk of serious skin reactions in patients with certain genetic backgrounds (HLA-B*1502)
• Generic available: Yes

4. Lamotrigine (Lamictal)

Lamotrigine is a newer anti-seizure medication with a broad spectrum of activity. It's often preferred because of its relatively mild side effect profile.

• Pros: Effective for many seizure types, generally well-tolerated, less sedating
• Cons: Must be started slowly to reduce risk of serious rash (Stevens-Johnson syndrome), can interact with other anti-seizure drugs
• Generic available: Yes

5. Primidone (Mysoline)

Primidone is actually converted to Phenobarbital in the body, so it works through a similar mechanism. It may be available when Phenobarbital itself isn't.

• Pros: Similar mechanism to Phenobarbital, may be easier to find
• Cons: Similar side effects to Phenobarbital (drowsiness, dizziness), also a controlled substance
• Generic available: Yes

How to Switch Safely

Switching from Phenobarbital to another medication is not something you should do on your own. Here's what the process typically looks like:

1. Talk to your doctor: Explain that you can't find Phenobarbital. Your neurologist or prescriber will choose the best alternative based on your seizure type, other medications, and health history.
2. Cross-taper: Your doctor will likely start the new medication while slowly reducing your Phenobarbital dose. This overlap period helps prevent breakthrough seizures.
3. Monitor closely: During the transition, you may need more frequent check-ups or blood tests. Report any new symptoms, increased seizure activity, or side effects immediately.
4. Be patient: Finding the right dose of a new medication can take time. Don't get discouraged if adjustments are needed.

What If You Only Need a Temporary Alternative?

If Phenobarbital supply issues are temporary, your doctor may bridge you with a short-term alternative rather than making a permanent switch. This is especially common during drug shortages. Check the latest on Phenobarbital shortage updates for 2026.

Before You Switch: Try Finding Phenobarbital First

Before committing to a medication change, make sure you've exhausted your options for finding Phenobarbital:

• Search on MedFinder for pharmacies with Phenobarbital in stock
• Try independent and compounding pharmacies (see how to find Phenobarbital in stock)
• Ask your pharmacist to order from a different wholesaler
• Consider a different strength or formulation (liquid vs. tablets)

Cost Comparison

One potential benefit of switching is cost. Here's a rough comparison of generic prices with a discount card:

• Phenobarbital: $8-$28 for 60 tablets
• Levetiracetam (Keppra generic): $10-$30 for 60 tablets
• Lamotrigine (Lamictal generic): $10-$25 for 60 tablets
• Carbamazepine (Tegretol generic): $10-$30 for 60 tablets
• Valproic Acid (Depakote generic): $15-$40 for 60 tablets

For tips on reducing your medication costs, see How to Save Money on Phenobarbital in 2026.

The Bottom Line

There are effective alternatives to Phenobarbital available, but switching seizure medications requires careful medical supervision. Work closely with your neurologist or prescriber to find the safest option. In the meantime, try MedFinder to locate Phenobarbital in stock before making a switch.

Need help finding a provider who can help? See How to Find a Doctor Who Can Prescribe Phenobarbital Near You.