Comprehensive medication guide to {drug} including estimated pricing, availability information, side effects, and how to find it in stock at your local pharmacy.
Nitrofurantoin is a nitrofuran antibiotic used specifically to treat and prevent uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections (UTIs), also known as acute cystitis. It has been a trusted UTI treatment for decades and is considered a first-line option by major clinical guidelines. Nitrofurantoin is available as brand-name Macrobid, Macrodantin, and Furadantin, as well as affordable generic versions. It is only effective for lower urinary tract infections and should not be used for kidney infections or systemic infections.
Nitrofurantoin works through a unique multi-target mechanism. Once inside bacterial cells, it is reduced by bacterial nitroreductases into reactive intermediates. These intermediates attack multiple bacterial targets simultaneously — inhibiting ribosomal proteins and enzymes involved in DNA synthesis, RNA synthesis, cell wall protein synthesis, and the citric acid cycle. This multi-target approach is why Nitrofurantoin maintains remarkably low bacterial resistance rates even after decades of use. The drug concentrates in the urine, making it highly effective for bladder infections while having minimal impact on gut flora.
The most commonly prescribed formulation is Macrobid 100 mg taken twice daily for 5–7 days for acute UTI treatment, or 50–100 mg once daily at bedtime for UTI prophylaxis.
Nitrofurantoin capsules (generic and Macrobid) are generally available at most pharmacies in 2026. However, the oral suspension formulation has been on the ASHP drug shortage list due to manufacturing delays and limited suppliers, with intermittent back orders. Capsule formulations may experience occasional spot shortages at individual pharmacies, but most patients can fill their prescriptions without significant difficulty. If your local pharmacy is out, Medfinder can help you locate a pharmacy with Nitrofurantoin in stock near you.
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Nitrofurantoin can be prescribed by a wide range of healthcare providers, including:
Nitrofurantoin is also commonly prescribed through telehealth platforms, making it convenient to get a prescription without an in-person visit for straightforward UTI cases.
No. Nitrofurantoin is not a controlled substance and has no DEA scheduling. It is a prescription-only antibiotic with no potential for abuse or dependence. You will need a valid prescription from a licensed healthcare provider, but there are no special controlled substance restrictions on dispensing or refills.
Serious side effects (rare but important) include pulmonary toxicity (especially with long-term use), liver damage, peripheral neuropathy, and hemolytic anemia in patients with G6PD deficiency. Contact your doctor immediately if you experience shortness of breath, persistent cough, numbness or tingling in hands/feet, or signs of liver problems such as yellowing of the skin or eyes.
If you cannot find or tolerate Nitrofurantoin, several alternatives may be appropriate for uncomplicated UTIs:
Always consult your healthcare provider before switching medications. Your doctor can recommend the best alternative based on local resistance patterns and your medical history.
Always take Nitrofurantoin with food to increase absorption by approximately 40% and reduce stomach upset. Tell your doctor about all medications and supplements you are taking.
Nitrofurantoin remains one of the most effective and affordable antibiotics for treating uncomplicated UTIs. With generic options available for as little as $3–$10 with discount coupons and typical insurance copays of $0–$15, cost is rarely a barrier. While the oral suspension has faced supply issues, capsule formulations are generally available at most pharmacies. If you're having trouble finding Nitrofurantoin in stock, Medfinder can help you quickly locate a pharmacy near you that has it available. Talk to your doctor about whether Nitrofurantoin is right for your UTI treatment or prevention.
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