Diazepam Is a Benzodiazepine Prescribed for Anxiety, Seizures, Muscle Spasms, and Alcohol Withdrawal

Diazepam is a prescription benzodiazepine medication, best known by its original brand name Valium, that doctors prescribe to treat anxiety disorders, muscle spasms, seizures, and the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal.

It's one of the most widely recognized medications in the world and has been in use for over 60 years. Here's everything you need to know about Diazepam in 2026.

What Is Diazepam?

Diazepam belongs to a class of medications called benzodiazepines. It works by enhancing the effects of GABA, a natural chemical in your brain that promotes calmness and reduces nerve activity. You can learn more about how Diazepam works in our dedicated guide.

Key facts about Diazepam:

• Generic name: Diazepam
• Brand names: Valium, Valtoco (nasal spray), Diastat/Diastat AcuDial (rectal gel)
• Drug class: Benzodiazepine
• DEA schedule: Schedule IV controlled substance
• Original manufacturer: Roche (Valium). Now made by multiple generic manufacturers including Teva and Mylan.
• Generic available: Yes

What Is Diazepam Used For?

Diazepam is FDA-approved to treat several conditions:

Anxiety Disorders

Diazepam is prescribed for generalized anxiety disorder and short-term relief of anxiety symptoms. It works quickly—often within 15 to 60 minutes—making it useful for acute anxiety episodes.

Muscle Spasms and Spasticity

Doctors prescribe Diazepam as an adjunct therapy for muscle spasms caused by injury, inflammation, or neurological conditions. It's also used for spasticity associated with upper motor neuron disorders like cerebral palsy and multiple sclerosis.

Seizures

Diazepam plays an important role in seizure management. The injectable form is used in hospitals for status epilepticus (prolonged seizures). Diastat (rectal gel) and Valtoco (nasal spray) are rescue medications that caregivers can administer at home during a seizure emergency.

Alcohol Withdrawal

Diazepam is frequently used in medically supervised alcohol detox to manage symptoms like agitation, tremors, and delirium tremens. Its long half-life makes it particularly useful for this purpose.

Other Uses

Diazepam is also used for preoperative anxiety relief and, off-label, for ICU sedation, insomnia (short-term), panic disorder, and as a tapering agent when switching from shorter-acting benzodiazepines.

How Is Diazepam Taken?

Diazepam comes in several forms:

• Oral tablets: 2 mg, 5 mg, and 10 mg. Taken with or without food, swallowed whole with water.
• Oral solution: 5 mg/5 mL or 5 mg/mL (Intensol concentrate). Measured with a provided dosing device.
• Injectable solution: 5 mg/mL, administered by healthcare professionals in hospitals for seizures or severe situations.
• Rectal gel (Diastat): Available in 2.5 mg to 20 mg doses. Used as an at-home rescue treatment for seizure clusters.
• Nasal spray (Valtoco): 5 mg, 7.5 mg, or 10 mg. Another seizure rescue option that's easier to administer than rectal gel.

Typical Dosing

Dosing depends on the condition being treated:

• Anxiety: 2 mg to 10 mg, taken 2 to 4 times daily
• Muscle spasms: 2 mg to 10 mg, taken 3 to 4 times daily
• Alcohol withdrawal: 10 mg 3 to 4 times daily in the first 24 hours, then reduced
• Seizure rescue (rectal gel): 0.2 mg/kg body weight
• Elderly patients: 2 mg to 2.5 mg once or twice daily to start

Important: Never stop Diazepam abruptly. Doing so can cause serious withdrawal symptoms, including seizures. Always taper gradually under your doctor's supervision.

Who Should Not Take Diazepam?

Diazepam is not safe for everyone. You should not take Diazepam if you have:

• An allergy to Diazepam or other benzodiazepines
• Acute narrow-angle glaucoma
• Severe respiratory insufficiency
• Severe liver disease
• Sleep apnea syndrome
• Myasthenia gravis (in most cases)

Diazepam should not be given to infants under 6 months of age.

Special caution is needed for:

• Pregnant women — Diazepam is Pregnancy Category D. There's evidence of risk to the developing baby, especially in the first trimester.
• Breastfeeding women — Diazepam passes into breast milk and is not recommended.
• Elderly patients — Higher risk of falls, excessive sedation, and cognitive impairment.
• People taking opioids — The combination of benzodiazepines and opioids can be fatal. This carries an FDA boxed warning.

For a complete list of what to watch out for, read our guide on Diazepam drug interactions.

How Much Does Diazepam Cost?

Generic Diazepam oral tablets are one of the more affordable prescription medications:

• Without insurance: About $10 to $30 for a 30-count supply of tablets
• With a discount coupon: As low as $5 to $25 for 30 tablets (5 mg). GoodRx Gold pricing can bring it down to around $5.31.
• With insurance: Generic Diazepam is typically on Tier 1 or Tier 2 formularies, meaning low copays (often $0 to $15).
• Walmart $4 list: Generic Diazepam is often available on Walmart's $4 generic program.

Brand-name and specialty formulations cost significantly more:

• Diastat (rectal gel): $300 to $700+
• Valtoco (nasal spray): $600 to $900+

For tips on getting the best price, see our guide on how to save money on Diazepam.

Side Effects at a Glance

The most common side effects of Diazepam include drowsiness, fatigue, muscle weakness, dizziness, and impaired coordination. Serious side effects like respiratory depression, dependence, and paradoxical reactions are less common but important to know about.

Final Thoughts

Diazepam has been a trusted medication for decades, and it remains an important treatment option for anxiety, seizures, muscle spasms, and alcohol withdrawal in 2026. It's widely available as an affordable generic, though certain formulations are currently experiencing supply shortages.

If you're prescribed Diazepam, work closely with your doctor, take it exactly as directed, and never stop it abruptly. With proper use and monitoring, Diazepam can be a safe and effective part of your treatment plan.

Need to find Diazepam in stock near you? Search Medfinder to check real-time pharmacy availability.