What You Need to Know About Ozempic Side Effects

Ozempic (semaglutide) is one of the most widely prescribed GLP-1 receptor agonists for type 2 diabetes — and like any medication, it comes with side effects. Most are mild and improve with time, but some require immediate medical attention.

This guide covers the common and serious side effects of Ozempic based on FDA labeling, who may be at higher risk, and practical tips for managing symptoms.

What Is Ozempic? A Quick Overview

Ozempic is a once-weekly injectable medication made by Novo Nordisk. It contains semaglutide, which mimics a natural hormone called GLP-1 to help control blood sugar in adults with type 2 diabetes. It's also approved to reduce cardiovascular risk in diabetic patients with heart disease. For a deeper look, read our guide on what Ozempic is and how it's used.

Common Side Effects

The most frequently reported side effects of Ozempic are gastrointestinal. They tend to be worst during dose increases and often improve as your body adjusts:

• Nausea — The most common side effect, affecting up to 20% of patients. Usually worst during the first few weeks and when increasing your dose.
• Vomiting — Often accompanies nausea, especially early in treatment.
• Diarrhea — Reported in about 8-9% of patients in clinical trials.
• Abdominal pain — Stomach cramps and discomfort, particularly after meals.
• Constipation — Some patients experience the opposite of diarrhea, especially at higher doses.
• Decreased appetite — This is actually part of how Ozempic works. Reduced hunger is expected but can lead to eating too little if not monitored.
• Headache — Usually mild and temporary.
• Fatigue — Some patients feel tired during the first weeks of treatment.
• Dyspepsia (indigestion) — Heartburn or upper stomach discomfort.
• Dizziness — Occasionally reported, more common if blood sugar drops too low.

These side effects are most noticeable when you first start Ozempic at 0.25 mg and when your dose is increased. That's why doctors use a gradual dose titration schedule — starting low and increasing every 4 weeks.

Serious Side Effects

While uncommon, Ozempic carries several serious warnings that you and your doctor should be aware of:

Boxed Warning: Thyroid C-Cell Tumors

Ozempic carries an FDA boxed warning — the most serious type of warning. In animal studies, semaglutide caused thyroid C-cell tumors in rodents. It is not known whether this occurs in humans. Ozempic is contraindicated in patients with a personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) or Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia syndrome type 2 (MEN 2).

Call your doctor immediately if you notice a lump or swelling in your neck, hoarseness, difficulty swallowing, or shortness of breath.

Pancreatitis

Acute pancreatitis has been reported in patients taking GLP-1 receptor agonists including Ozempic. Seek emergency care if you experience severe, persistent abdominal pain — sometimes radiating to the back — with or without vomiting.

Diabetic Retinopathy Complications

Rapid improvements in blood sugar control can worsen diabetic retinopathy. If you have a history of diabetic eye disease, your doctor should monitor your eyes closely after starting Ozempic.

Hypoglycemia (Low Blood Sugar)

Ozempic alone rarely causes dangerously low blood sugar. However, the risk increases significantly when combined with insulin or sulfonylureas (like glipizide or glimepiride). Symptoms include shakiness, sweating, confusion, rapid heartbeat, and dizziness. Your doctor may need to reduce your insulin or sulfonylurea dose when starting Ozempic.

Acute Kidney Injury

Severe nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea can lead to dehydration, which may cause or worsen kidney problems. Stay hydrated, especially during dose increases.

Severe Allergic Reactions

Rarely, Ozempic can cause anaphylaxis or angioedema. Seek emergency help if you develop swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat, severe rash, or difficulty breathing.

Gallbladder Problems

GLP-1 medications have been associated with gallstones (cholelithiasis) and gallbladder inflammation (cholecystitis). Tell your doctor if you experience upper right abdominal pain, fever, or jaundice.

Intestinal Obstruction

Because Ozempic slows gastric emptying, there have been rare reports of intestinal blockage (ileus). Seek medical care for severe constipation, bloating, or inability to pass gas.

Special Populations

Certain groups should use extra caution with Ozempic:

• Pregnant or planning pregnancy — Ozempic is not recommended during pregnancy. Discontinue at least 2 months before a planned pregnancy due to its long washout period.
• Breastfeeding — Not recommended. Talk to your doctor about alternatives.
• Kidney or liver impairment — Use with caution. Monitor for worsening GI symptoms that could lead to dehydration.
• History of gastroparesis — Ozempic has not been studied in patients with gastroparesis (delayed stomach emptying) and may worsen the condition.
• Type 1 diabetes — Ozempic is not for use in type 1 diabetes.

How to Manage Common Side Effects

Most people can get through the adjustment period with a few practical strategies:

For Nausea and Vomiting

• Eat smaller, more frequent meals instead of large ones
• Avoid high-fat, greasy, or very spicy foods — especially during the first few weeks
• Eat slowly and stop when you feel full
• Stay upright after eating (don't lie down immediately)
• Ginger tea or ginger chews may help with mild nausea

For Constipation or Diarrhea

• Drink plenty of water throughout the day
• Increase fiber intake gradually
• Light physical activity like walking can help with digestion

For Fatigue and Dizziness

• Monitor your blood sugar regularly, especially if taking other diabetes medications
• Make sure you're eating enough — reduced appetite can lead to under-eating
• Stay hydrated

General Tips

• Follow the dose titration schedule your doctor prescribed — don't skip ahead to a higher dose
• Take your injection on the same day each week
• Keep a symptom journal to discuss with your doctor at follow-up visits

If side effects are severe or don't improve after several weeks, talk to your doctor. They may slow your dose increase or explore alternative medications.

Final Thoughts

Most Ozempic side effects are manageable and improve over time. The key is starting at a low dose, increasing gradually, and staying in close contact with your doctor. Serious side effects are rare but important to recognize.

If you're starting Ozempic and need to find it in stock, Medfinder can help you locate a pharmacy near you. And for more on how the medication works in your body, check out our guide on how Ozempic works.